In web development, not every character on your keyboard can be displayed directly. For example, if you type ©, ÷, or Ω directly, some browsers might not render it correctly.
To solve this, HTML provides symbols, also known as character entities, that represent special characters not found on a standard keyboard.
Each HTML symbol can be written in two ways:
| Type | Syntax | Example | Output |
|---|
| Entity Name | &entity_name; | © | © |
| Entity Number | &#entity_number; | © | © |
Example of Using HTML Symbols in HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Learn how to use HTML symbols and entities to display mathematical, currency, and special characters.">
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML symbols, HTML special characters, currency symbols, HTML entities, mathematical symbols, greek letters">
<meta name="author" content="Dharmesh Kundariya">
<title>HTML Symbols Tutorial</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML Symbols Example</h1>
<p>Copyright: © 2025 WebTutorials</p>
<p>Trademark: ™ HTMLCourse</p>
<p>Registered: ® WebBrand</p>
<p>Rupee: ₹ 1000</p>
<p>Euro: € 50</p>
<p>Pi Symbol: π = 3.14159</p>
</body>
</html>
Types of HTML Symbols
1. Currency Symbols
| Symbol | Entity | Description |
|---|
| ₹ | ₹ | Indian Rupee |
| $ | $ | Dollar |
| € | € | Euro |
| £ | £ | Pound Sterling |
| ¥ | ¥ | Japanese Yen |
| ¢ | ¢ | Cent Sign |
2. Mathematical Symbols
| Symbol | Entity | Description |
|---|
| ± | ± | Plus–Minus Sign |
| × | × | Multiplication |
| ÷ | ÷ | Division |
| ≠ | ≠ | Not Equal To |
| ≤ | ≤ | Less Than or Equal |
| ≥ | ≥ | Greater Than or Equal |
| √ | √ | Square Root |
| ∑ | ∑ | Summation |
| ∞ | ∞ | Infinity |
Example:
<p>5 × 8 = 40</p>
<p>10 ÷ 2 = 5</p>
<p>Temperature = 36°C</p>
<p>x ≤ y and y ≥ z</p>
3. Greek Letters (Commonly Used in Science & Engineering)
| Symbol | Entity | Name |
|---|
| α | α | Alpha |
| β | β | Beta |
| γ | γ | Gamma |
| δ | δ | Delta |
| π | π | Pi |
| Ω | Ω | Omega |
| θ | θ | Theta |
| λ | λ | Lambda |
| μ | μ | Mu |
4. Arrow Symbols
| Symbol | Entity | Description |
|---|
| → | → | Right Arrow |
| ← | ← | Left Arrow |
| ↑ | ↑ | Up Arrow |
| ↓ | ↓ | Down Arrow |
| ↔ | ↔ | Left–Right Arrow |
| ⇒ | ⇒ | Double Right Arrow |
| ⇐ | ⇐ | Double Left Arrow |
Example:
<p>5 → 10 (increasing)</p>
<p>10 ← 5 (decreasing)</p>
5. Miscellaneous Symbols
| Symbol | Entity | Description |
|---|
| © | © | Copyright |
| ® | ® | Registered |
| ™ | ™ | Trademark |
| ° | ° | Degree |
| ¶ | ¶ | Paragraph mark |
| § | § | Section sign |
| ♣ | ♣ | Club (Card suit) |
| ♥ | ♥ | Heart (Card suit) |
| ♦ | ♦ | Diamond (Card suit) |
| ♠ | ♠ | Spade (Card suit) |
HTML Symbol Example – Full Layout
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>HTML Symbols Full Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML Symbols Demonstration</h1>
<h2>Currency Symbols</h2>
<p>Dollar: $100</p>
<p>Rupee: ₹999</p>
<p>Euro: €75</p>
<h2>Mathematical Symbols</h2>
<p>5 × 5 = 25</p>
<p>10 ÷ 2 = 5</p>
<p>x ≤ y and y ≥ z</p>
<h2>Greek Letters</h2>
<p>Area = π r²</p>
<p>Wavelength = λ</p>
<h2>Arrows</h2>
<p>Go → Right</p>
<p>Return ← Back</p>
</body>
</html>